Which of the following effects can misalignment have on seals?

Misalignment in machinery can lead to a variety of issues with seals, each of which has significant implications for the performance and longevity of those seals.

Face rubbing occurs when misalignment causes the sealing surfaces to touch improperly, leading to wear and potential extrusion of the seal material. This can compromise the integrity of the seal, allowing leakage of fluids.

Elevated temperatures are another consequence of misalignment. When parts are not properly aligned, friction can increase between moving components. This added friction generates heat, which can degrade the materials of the seal over time, ultimately leading to failure.

Ingress of contaminants is also a critical concern. When seals are misaligned, they may not create the expected barrier against dirt, dust, or other unwanted materials. This exposure can result in premature wear or failure of both seals and adjacent components.

Given these interconnected factors, it is evident that misalignment can indeed lead to all the mentioned effects on seals, underscoring the importance of proper alignment in machinery maintenance and reliability.