Which cognitive bias refers to favoring information that supports preconceived opinions?

Confirmation bias is the cognitive bias that refers to the tendency to favor information that aligns with or supports one’s existing beliefs or preconceived opinions. This bias can manifest in several ways, such as seeking out information that confirms one’s views while disregarding or minimizing information that contradicts them.

In practical scenarios, confirmation bias can significantly impact decision-making processes, as it might lead individuals to overlook important data or different perspectives that could provide a more balanced understanding of a situation. This bias is particularly relevant in fields that rely heavily on analytical thinking and evidence-based decisions, such as engineering and reliability analysis.

For instance, an engineer examining data on asset performance might focus only on metrics that indicate reliability while neglecting those suggesting potential failures. This selective assimilation of information can hinder objective assessments and ultimately affect the effectiveness of reliability strategies. Understanding confirmation bias is crucial in fostering open-mindedness and improving analytical skills, especially in environments that prioritize evidence-based decision-making.