What is a primary effect of voltage unbalance in electrical systems?

Voltage unbalance in electrical systems primarily leads to increased mechanical stresses and vibrations. This phenomenon is particularly significant in three-phase systems, where unbalanced voltages can cause motors and other rotating equipment to operate unequally across phases. When one phase receives a higher voltage than the others, it can lead to excessive currents in that phase, causing the motor to work harder to maintain its intended performance.

As a result, this imbalance induces mechanical stresses within the motor windings and rotor, which can lead to vibrations. These vibrations are harmful and can accelerate wear and tear on components, reduce efficiency, and possibly result in premature failure of parts such as bearings and winding insulation. Moreover, increased vibrations can generate noise and further diminish the operational reliability of the entire system, making the management of voltage unbalance critical in maintaining optimal performance and longevity of electrical equipment.